工程施工路径相关性的数值仿真

本文将损伤理论与时变力学耦联，形成用于模似施工的损伤时变力学方法，文中推导了基本方程和数值化算式。利用时变分析法对某地下煤层开采过程进行计算机仿真分析，给出了三种不同路径下开采引起地表沉陷的时空演化图，并进行对比分析。对体现出的位移、损伤与施工路径相关现象进行了探讨，并定量给出损伤时变分析下不同开采路径造成的最终力学状态的差别。本文中损伤时变力学方法为施工过程分析提供了一种新方法与手段。     

大型相关失效工程网络系统可靠度的近似算法

为避开失效模式(或系统可靠路径)的NP难题(non—polynomial increase hard problem)，提出递推分解算法，降低大型工程网络系统可靠度分析中的计算复杂性，同时，将改进的多维正态变量积分公式，引入递推分解算法之中，计算多失效模式(或系统可靠路径)的联合概率，并最终计算工程网络系统的失效概率和可靠度，对于特别复杂的工程网络系统，采用上下界的方法，给出具有很高精度的可靠度近似值。实例分析表明，本文提出的方法，具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

热毛细对流速度场测试研究

为了探索微重力状态下表面张力驱动流速度场的测试技术，本文在地面进行了模拟实验，对位于热壁下流体中气泡周围的表面张力驱动流进行了研究，并用ＰＩＶ技术测量了流场的速度分布．     

Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Intensity Pattern Noise on the Displacement Measurement Precision of Digital Image Correlation Using Self-correlated Images

This paper discusses the effect of intensity pattern noise on the displacement measurement precision of digital image correlation (DIC). Through mathematical deduction, a formula is presented to estimate the displacement measurement error caused by intensity pattern noise. The resulting formula synthetically reflects the effects of the variance of noise, the intensity variance and the subset size on the displacement measurement precision. To verify the correctness of the resulting formula, two experiments are done. The first one is a real self-correlation experiment, and aims to analyze the effect of the subset size, while the second is a numerical self-correlation experiment, and is to analyze to the effect of the different noise levels. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The project is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (10572103).     

Residual Stress Determination Using Hole Drilling and 3D Image Correlation

In recent years, the hole drilling method for determining residual stresses has been implemented with optical methods such as holographic interferometry and ESPI to overcome certain limitations of the strain rosette version of hole drilling. Although offering advantages, the interferometric methods require vibration isolation, a significant drawback to their use outside of the laboratory. In this study, a 3D image correlation approach was used to measure micron-sized surface displacements caused by the localized stress relief associated with hole drilling. Residual stresses were then found from the displacements using non-dimensional relations previously derived by finite element analysis. A major advantage of image correlation is that it does not require interferometric vibration isolation. Experiments were performed to check the ability of this new approach for uniaxial and equi-biaxial states of stress. Stresses determined by the approach were in good agreement with computed values and those determined by hole drilling using holographic interferometry.     

新型精铸热锻模具钢高温磨损性能同其显微组织的相关性

研究了经不同热处理条件下的新型精铸热锻模具钢的组织同其高温磨损性能的相关性,对比分析了新型铸钢与H13锻钢的高温磨损性能,并探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明:新型精铸热锻模具钢的高温耐磨性能明显优于锻钢H13;在马氏体、贝氏体和马贝复相3种组织中,贝氏体和马贝复相的高温耐磨性能较好,马氏体相的高温耐磨性能最差;经过400～620℃回火处理的新型精铸热锻模具钢的硬度为42～43HRC,高温耐磨性能较好;当回火温度大于650℃或小于400℃时,新型精铸热锻模具钢的磨损率明显增大,耐磨性显著降低.     

A survey of experimental heat transfer data for nucleate pool boiling of liquid metals and a new correlation

The experimental data for heat transfer during nucleate pool boiling of saturated liquid metals on plain surfaces are surveyed and a new correlation is presented. The correlation is h = Cq^0.7p_r^m, where C and m are, respectively, 13.7 and 0.22 p_r < 0.001 and 6.9 and 0.12 for p_r > 0.001 (h is in W/m² K and q in W/m²). This correlation has been verified with data for K, Na, Cs, Li, and Hg from 17 sources over the reduced pressure (p_r) range of 4.3 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.8 × 10⁻². The correlation of Subbotin et al. was found unsatisfactory, but a modified correlation was developed that also gives good agreement with most of the data.     

数字图象测量系统灵敏度分析

在目前常规图象分辨率基础上，对数字图象相关测量方法的灵敏度进行分析，给出了位移和应变测量的灵敏度，并讨论了影响灵敏度的有关因素，进而指出，数字图象测量系统特别适合于各种位移场的大变形场的定量测量，在配制了相应的光学观察仪器后。也基本适合一般变形场的测量。     

一种新的数字散斑相关方法及其应用

本文提出了一种新的改进的数字散斑相关方法——十字搜索法。采用该方法将大大缩短计算时间，从而使数字散斑相关在微机上得到成功的应用。本文还从概率与统计的角度提出了新的相关系数计算公式，这个计算公式可以提高计算精度。文中还讨论了高精度测量的一些技术问题。初步实验验证表明，本文所提出的方法是一种实用的快速、高精度的位移、应变测试方法。     

Fluid-Damping Controlled Instability in Tube Bundles Subjected to Air Cross-Flow

There are different excitation mechanisms that cause fatal damages due to undesirable vibrations in heat exchanger tube bundles subjected to cross-flow. One of them is the fluid-damping-controlled instability (galloping) that is characterised by a sudden appearance of large amplitudes of the tubes exclusively in cross-flow direction. This paper reports on investigations using an experimental set-up in a wind tunnel where the galloping mechanism in a tube bundle can be observed as an isolated phenomenon. The apparatus allows to realise several tube bundle configurations and geometry's of real heat exchangers. The position of a flexible test tube with a linear iso-viscoelastic mounting inside the tube array is variable. The test tube is equipped with dynamical pressure sensors which are placed directly under pressure holes inside the tube. For the investigation of the acting fluid forces the non-stationary pressure distribution is measured simultaneously at 30 points on the circumference in mid plane and at 15 points in line along the tube together with the tube motion. The acting fluid forces are determined by integration of the whole pressure field process. The study gives insights into the effect of the fluid-damping-controlled instability that is still not fully understood. Moreover, a flow visualization gives an impression of the mechanism at relevant Reynolds-numbers. The results show that in case of instability due to galloping the correlation length of the forces acting along the tube axis increases suddenly to large values. The fluid forces are correlated well for the whole tube when galloping is dominant. The exciting fluid forces show harmonic character and lead to a classical resonance behaviour. Instead of a simple free vibration test in vacuum or still air, which is done mostly for fluid excited structures, the damping coefficient of the oscillating system is determined under operating conditions on the basis of the measured fluid forces. A comparison of the results with those of a free vibration test in still air is shown. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.